How were Android apps built before softwares like Android Studio, Eclipse, etc. not used? Can we still develop apps without these IDEs?

Before the availability of integrated development environments (IDEs) like Android Studio and Eclipse, Android apps were built using command-line tools and text editors. Developers would use the Android Software Development Kit (SDK) to compile code, manage resources, and build and sign APK files.
While using IDEs like Android Studio and Eclipse provides a more streamlined and efficient development experience, it is still possible to develop Android apps without them. Developers can use alternative text editors or lightweight IDEs, such as Visual Studio Code, and set up the Android SDK and related tools to build and manage their Android app projects. However, using a dedicated IDE designed for Android development generally offers more comprehensive features and better integration with the Android platform.